Kungani Imfundo Ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika yehluleka ukulungiselela ikusasa lentsha ukuze ithole imisebenzi?

Stanley O. Ehiane no Paul Kariuki

Kulesikhathi lapho izimo zomnotho ezingeni lomhlaba ziya ngokushintsha kanye nomphakathi othuthukayo ngolwazi, imfundo iya ngokubaluleka kakhulu. Ngakho ukuthuthukisa abasebenzi ngolwazi kanye nangamakhona kunesidingo esikhulu ukuze izimboni zikwazi ukuncintisana kwezomnotho ezingeni likazwelonke. Lokhu osekudale ukuthi iningi lohulumeni lifake ingcindezi ezikhungweni zemfundo ukuze zikhiqize abafundi abayokwazi ukuqasheka ngenxa yolwazi abanalo. Emhlabeni wonke izimakethe zisesikhathini esiguqukayo. Kati neNingizimu Afrika  ayisalanga ngaphandle kulesisimo esishintshayo.

Imfundo ephakeme ithathwa njengebalulekile ekwakheni imali nasekwakhiweni kohlelo lokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Kanti futhi imfundo ilithuluzi lokufaka amandla okukhuliswa komntotho, ukunciphiswa kobubha, kanye nokukhuthaza ingcebo kubantu ikakhulukazi abasha. Imfundo ephakeme yona ibalulekile ekukhuliseni umnotho kanti inezinzuzo eziningi zokubeka imiphakathi emazingeni aphakeme empilo.

ENingizimu Afrika, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme: amanyuvesi, amakolishi, kanye namakolishi emfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwemisebenzi yezandla (TVET). Ukulungisa umlando we-Afrika kanye nesimo senhlalo-mnotho kufanele wonke umuntu  akwazi ukufinyelela kwimfundo ephakeme nokuqeqeshwa. Iziqu zasenyuvesi zithathwa njengokhiye wokuqhubekisela phambili umsebenzi womuntu eNingizimu Afrika.

INingizimu Afrika isungule inqubomgomo ukuze kususwe izithiyo zokufunda. Esinye sezithiyo ngukuntula ikhono lokulungiswa kohlelo lwemfundo ebandakanya wonke umuntu.

Abafundi abaningi eNingizimu Afrika basalele ngemuva ngenxa yengqalasizinda engekho esimeni esifanele , ukushoda kothisha abaqeqeshiwe nokuvilaphela inqubekelaphambili yezemfundo. Ngokombiko we Amnesty International uhlelo lwezemfundo eNingizimu Afrika luphansi kakhulu ngokwezinga, ingqalasizinda, amagumbi okufunda aminyene kanye nokugqoza kwemiphumela emihle nokuqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani.

Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabathweswe iziqu sekulethe ukukhathazeka ngenxa yezinga eliphenzulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwabantu abasha eNingizimu Afrika lenyukile ngokocwaningo oluningi jikelele. Izinkinga zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi zibangelwa ukukhetha umkhakha wokufunda ongafanele. Ukwanda kwezinga lemfundo lwenze uhlaka lwemisebenzi lwehluleka ukumela ukwanda kwabantu abafundile emikhakheni yabo ejwayelekile. Akungabazeki ukuthi ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwenziwa ukungalingani kwezinhlobo zabasebenzi ezikhona kanye nalezo ezidingwa umnotho.

Abafundi abathweswe iziqu baba nezinselelo ekutholeni imisebenzi emhlabeni wonke, abathweswe iziqu abanawo amakhono nolwazi oludingekayo. Ukuqashwa kwabathweswe iziqu kucindezelekile ngenxa yokwandiswa kwamakhono entsheni, ngenxa yalokho baningi abaphothule imfundo ephakeme eNingizimu Afrika.

Ukuqashwa komuntu kufanele aveze okuthile okungaba yinoma yini evela kumakhono ayisisekelo ahlobene nomsebenzi,ukungaqondani kahle phakathi kwamazinga emfundo kanye nezimfuno zemakethe kwenze abafundi abaphothule imfundo ephakeme babe nenkinga yokuthola imisebenzi ngemuva kokuphothula. Ingakho uhulumeni kanye nezikhungo zemfundo kumele basungule i curriculum efanele ukulungiselela abaphothulile ukuqashwa impilo yabo yonke.

INingizumu Afrika inomlando ekuntulekeni kwemisebenzi  ikakhulukazi intsha. Ngokwezibalo zase Ningizimu Afrika intsha inamathuba amancane kakhulu okuthola umsebenzi noma ukwamukelwa emsebenzini kunasebekhulile. Yize ihamba phambili emkhakheni wezemfundo e Afrika kodwa abathweswe iziqu banamathuba amancane okuthola umsebenzi okunalokho imisebenzi  ilikhaya labanye abafundi abavela kumanyuvesi ahamba phambili emhlabeni. Bangaphezu kuka-250 00 abafundi abathola iziqu eNingizimu Afrika unyaka nonyaka kodwa babalelwa ku 30%  abathola umsebenzi kuleli nokwenza abangaqashwanga bagcine sebemukela noma yimiphi imisebenzi emikhakheni abangahlangene nayo noma bekhokhelwa kancane ngenxa yobuncane beholo elisemthethweni.

Ubhubhane lwe Covid -19 lwandise inkinga yokuthweswa kweziqu nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Kantu ukuqubuka kwayo kwenyuse isibalo sokungasebenzi kwentsha safinyelela ku 74%. Intsha yaseNingizimu Afrika ibhekane nezimo ezahlukene ezishaqisayo okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka emfundweni yabo kanye nokulahlekelwa yimisebenzi nokufinyezwa kwamahora okusebenza okubehlisele nemali engenayo.

INingizimu Afrika ibe nenqubekelaphambili enkulu emfundweni yamabanga aphansi eminyakeni engu- 20 edlule kodwa kwimfundo ephakeme isalele emuva kakhu kunamanye amazwe. Ngokwabemfundo ephakeme abafundi abaningi bayakugwema ukuthatha izifundo ezifundisa amakhono adingekayo emsebenzini.

Ohlelweni lwemfundo ephakeme yezwe, abafundi abaningi bayaqhubeka nokubhaliseka iziqu,  kodwa amathuba  abe emancane okuthola umsebenzi,

okuphumela ekuntulekeni okungapheli kwamakhono abaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwabo baningi abathweswa iziqu futhi abanamakhono adingekayo kodwa noma beyithola imisebenzi abavamile ukusebenza endimeni abaqeqeshelwe kuzo. Ngenxa yegebe lamakhono abaqashi eNingizimu Afrika bathi ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi abanamakhono ngenye yezinto ezibakhathaza kakhulu.

Noma ngabe umuntu ufunde waze wagogoda ngokwemfundo ephakeme waze wazuza neziqu, kodwa lokho akumniki isiqiniseko sokuthi uyokwazi ukuthola umsebenzi ngenxa yokuthi lapha eNingizimu Afrika mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthola umsebenzi. Abahleli bezemfundo (Curriculum designers) bavame ukuthi bathole ukugxekwa ngenxa yokuthi abaqapheli ukuthi uhlelo olusetshenziswa ukuqeqesha abafundi luyahambisana nokuthi bangakwazi ukuthi bathole amathuba okuqashwa, emva kokuthi sebephothule imfundo yabo yeziqu. Ngakho ukuthola iziqu ezizosiza ukuthola umsembenzi kubaluleke kakhulu

Abenzi benqubomgomo eNingizimu Afrika kumele basebenzise izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukufunda ngokugxila emabangeni aphansi ukuze abhule umjikelezo wokukhiqiza abafundi abaneziqu kodwa bengenawo amakhono adingwa  umnotho, ngaleyondlela, ucwaningo lwezemfundo kufanele lugxile  ekwenzeni ngcono uhlelo  lwemfundo ephethwe emazingeni kahulumeni  kuzwelonke kanye nasezifundazweni . Amanyuvesi ase Ningizmu Afrika angakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekuqhamukeni nezinhlelo ezinobuchwepheshe obusezingeni. Lokhu angaphumelela ukukwenza ngokuqhuba ucwaningo, aphinde ahehe abasebenzi abasezingeni eliphakeme kwezoqeqesho lwamakhono.

UDktl. Paul Kariuki unguMphathi Jikelele  we-Democracy Development Program (DDP).

UDktl.. Stanley O. Ehiane uyi-Senior Lecturer kwi- Department of Politics and Administrative Studies e-University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana,  abe yi- Senior Research Associate, at the School of Public Management and Governance, e-University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

Bobabili balobe lapha ngokwemibono yabo.