The Politics and practice of Stadiumology in South Africa: Implications on voter Behaviour in an election year.

By: Adebimpe Esther Ofusori

Stadiumology is generally referred to as the use of large venues, such as, stadiums to gather people for events or activities. It is a strategy for holding large political rallies in stadiums or other venues to demonstrate popularity, stimulate support, or influence public opinion. South Africa’s stadiums carry historical significance, particularly those associated with the anti-apartheid struggle. For instance, First National Bank (FNB) Stadium in Johannesburg hosted the final match of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, symbolizing the country’s progress and unity since the end of apartheid. Although, stadiums in South Africa have other significance rather than just being used as sports venues; it symbolize the state’s achievements or failures. In an election year, the use of stadiums for political rallies and events can serve as a means for political parties to demonstrate their strength and connect with voters on a grand scale. These events can become powerful tools for mobilizing supporters and demonstrating a party’s popularity. It is difficult to predict the success of a political party by the number of occupied or empty seats in stadiums at political rallies because some stadiums can be more crowded than others. The ability to fill a stadium with enthusiastic supporters can create a perception of momentum, convincing undecided voters. The atmosphere of these events can also energize the party base, leading to higher voter turnout among loyal supporters.

The implications of Stadiumology on voter behavior in an election year in South Africa

The study of stadiumology involves examining the political, social, and economic impact of stadiums on communities. In South Africa, stadiums carry significant symbolic value and can have profound implications on voter’s behavior in an election year. Below are the implications of stadiumology on voter’s behavior:

• Economic Benefits: The economic benefits associated with hosting events in stadiums, such as increased tourism and revenue generation, can indirectly influence voter sentiment towards incumbent parties or candidates who are seen as promoting economic development and job creation.
• Accessibility: The location and accessibility of stadiums can affect voter turnout. If a stadium is located in a densely populated urban areas or regions, an area with high voter turnout potential, with strong party support, it can be strategically used by political parties to mobilize supporters and maximize turnout.
• Media Coverage: Media are normally attracted to stadiums where important events are held. Political rallies held in stadiums can receive extensive coverage, reaching voters who may not attend the event in person but are exposed to it through various media channels. Positive media coverage can shape public opinion and influence voter behavior.
• Community and Identity

Stadiums are often at the heart of local communities, serving as spaces for not just sports but also cultural events and gatherings. Political parties may leverage these spaces to engage with communities on a more personal level. This community-focused approach can affect voter’s behavior by emphasizing identity, belonging, and shared experiences.

• Opposition and Political Division: Large rallies can also contribute to division, as they create a highly obvious division between supporters and opponents. This can reinforce existing political divisions and influence voter behavior by solidifying partisan lines.
• Legacy and Accountability

In South Africa, the legacy of major events like the 2010 World Cup still echoes. In an election year, voters may evaluate political parties based on how they have managed stadium infrastructure and whether they have delivered on promises related to economic growth and social development. This accountability can influence voter behavior as parties are held to their commitments regarding the legacy of these grand projects.

• Symbolism and Identity: Stadiums are more than just sports venues; they are often symbols of national pride, community identity, and political achievement. In South Africa, this symbolism can be particularly potent, given the country’s history and diverse cultures. During an election year, political parties may use stadiums to align themselves with positive imagery, evoking a sense of unity and national pride. This can influence voter’s behavior by reinforcing a sense of belonging or nostalgia, driving voters towards parties that resonate with these sentiments.
• Infrastructure Development: South Africa has invested heavily in stadium infrastructure, especially leading up to major international events like the FIFA World Cup and the Cricket World Cup. The construction and renovation of stadiums have not only enhanced the country’s sporting facilities but also contributed to its overall infrastructure development.
• Security and Orderliness: Stadium events require coordination of security measures to ensure the safety of attendees. The perception of security and orderliness at political rallies held in stadiums can impact voter confidence in the party’s ability to govern effectively and maintain law and order.
• Economic Impact and Resource Allocation: Stadiums often represent significant public investments, and their construction and maintenance can spark debates about the allocation of resources. In an election year, voters may scrutinize the economic impact of these investments, questioning whether they bring sufficient benefits to justify their costs. Political parties may need to address concerns about underutilized stadiums or “white elephants” to maintain voter trust. This scrutiny can influence voter behavior, with some voters prioritizing parties that emphasize fiscal responsibility and social welfare.
• Community Engagement and Grassroots Mobilization: Stadiums can also be central to community life, hosting various cultural and social events. Political parties might use these venues to connect with local communities on a more personal level, hosting smaller gatherings or community-focused events. This grassroots approach can affect voter behavior by fostering a sense of intimacy and responsiveness. Voters may feel more valued and heard, leading them to support parties that engage directly with their communities.

In conclusion, Stadiumology in the context of South Africa’s election year can play a significant role in shaping voter behavior through mobilization, media impact, community building, messaging, and potentially coercion or polarization. Understanding the dynamics of stadiumology in South Africa is essential for comprehending its broader implications on society, politics, and governance in the country. Also, understanding these implications can help political parties strategize their campaign efforts, utilize stadiums effectively as campaign venues, and tailor their messages to resonate with voters in South Africa during an election year.

Dr. Adebimpe Ofusori is a researcher, she writes in her personal capacity.