Activism Against Gender-Based Violence in South Africa: The Role of Parliaments, Parliamentarians, and Implications for Local Government Elections in 2026
South Africa grapples with a grim reality: an alarmingly high rate of gender-based violence (GBV) that has been declared a national crisis. This pervasive violence, deeply rooted in historical inequalities and patriarchal norms, disproportionately affects women, girls, and gender minorities. It manifests in various forms, including domestic abuse, sexual assault, femicide, and online harassment, impacting every facet of society and posing a significant challenge to human rights, social cohesion, and economic development. The country's progressive constitution and legislative framework, while commendable, have yet to fully translate into tangible protection and justice for those who live under constant threat of violence.
One of South Africa's most prominent annual campaigns, the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence, is designed to raise awareness and mobilize actions towards ending GBV. Observed from November 25th (International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women) to December 10th (Human Rights Day), the campaign brings together government, civil society organizations, and community activists in a coordinated effort to spotlight the issue. While it plays a crucial role in raising awareness, the effectiveness of the 16 Days of Activism remains a subject of debate. Critics argue that despite the widespread visibility of the campaign, there is a limited impact on the actual reduction of GBV incidents. The recurring nature of the problems suggests that structural changes and sustained efforts beyond the designated days are necessary to achieve meaningful results.
The responsibility for combating GBV falls heavily on South Africa's parliament and its parliamentarians. These elected officials possess a unique capacity to influence policy, allocate resources, and hold the executive branch accountable. Parliamentarians can champion legislation that strengthens legal frameworks to protect victims, increase penalties for perpetrators, and ensure that law enforcement agencies and the judiciary are adequately trained and resourced to handle GBV cases sensitively and efficiently. Beyond legislative action, parliamentarians serve as role models and influencers. They can publicly condemn violence, engage in dialogues with communities, and support local organizations providing services to victims. Their active participation in campaigns and community events can help shift societal attitudes, demonstrating their commitment to creating a safer and more equitable society.
In the lead-up to the 2026 local government elections, the issue of GBV is poised to have a significant impact on voters’ choices and political party support. Citizens, particularly women and youth, are increasingly demanding that political parties prioritize GBV prevention and response in their manifestos and policy platforms. Voters are likely to scrutinize candidates’ records on gender equality and their commitment to implementing measures that protect women and vulnerable groups. Political parties that demonstrate genuine concern and offer credible solutions to address GBV may gain favor among voters, while those perceived as indifferent or dismissive may face electoral repercussions. The focus on local government is particularly crucial, as municipalities are often the frontline responders to GBV incidents, providing essential services such as shelters, support groups, and referrals to legal and medical assistance.
Addressing gender-based violence in South Africa demands a collaborative effort from all stakeholders:
* Government: The government must prioritize funding for GBV prevention programs, support services for victims, and enhanced training for law enforcement and judicial personnel. Stronger implementation and enforcement of existing laws are critical for ensuring justice and accountability.
* Political Parties: Political parties should actively promote gender equality within their structures and champion policies that address GBV.
* Citizens: Citizens have a responsibility to challenge harmful social norms, speak out against violence, and support organizations working to prevent and address GBV. Engaging in community initiatives and holding leaders accountable are vital.
* Media: The media must play a responsible role in reporting GBV cases sensitively and accurately, avoiding sensationalism and victim-blaming. Providing a platform for awareness campaigns and educational content can help shift public perceptions and promote prevention.
* Civil Society: Civil society organizations provide essential services to victims of GBV, advocate for policy change, and raise awareness about the issue. Their work is invaluable in creating a supportive and responsive environment for survivors.
* Private Sector: Businesses can contribute to GBV prevention by implementing workplace policies that support victims and create safe environments. They can also support community initiatives and fund programs that promote gender equality.
* Labour Unions: Labour unions can advocate for safe working conditions for women and policies that address sexual harassment and discrimination in the workplace.
* Academia: Academic research can inform effective strategies for GBV prevention, identify the root causes, and evaluate the impact of interventions.
To effectively combat GBV, all actors need to work cohesively and transparently, guided by evidence-based approaches and a steadfast commitment to human rights. As South Africa approaches the 2026 local government elections, there is a unique opportunity to prioritize activism against gender-based violence and make it a central focus of political discourse. Candidates must demonstrate a clear commitment to addressing GBV, presenting concrete plans for prevention and support. We must demand accountability and ethical leadership from our leaders at all times.
Ms. Bongiwe Khumalo is a researcher , educator, and a social activist. She writes on personal capacity.
